Phylogenetic Friends

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You are now in //Linnaeus//, a future fantasy land ruled by apes and monkeys, with humans almost completely extinct. You are one of these humans. Walking through a market, you see two capuchins bargaining with a friendly fruits vendor gorilla. on the opposite end of the aisle, a rhesus macaque is peddling his pottery wares. You don't even notice the orangutan in front of you before you bump into him! "Excuse me, I am so sorry...Oh! You're a human! My name is ''Pongo''. Well, I hope this isn't too forward, but do you think you could help me with my research? I need an assistant who can read these tomes... Don't worry, I will be compensating you for your work, too!" <center>[["Sure, I'll help!"]]</center>

<center><h1>Pongo's Tent</h1></center> He smiles, thanking you profusely, and leads you further down the market lane to his own tent. It is messy with papers and scribblings, artifacts, and other oddities. "Thank you for helping me! My research is in the field of phylogenetics. I am trying to put together a tree of phylogeny for human ancestors. Please, look at the eleven documents on the desk for me. When you're done, come talk to me and answer some of my questions." <center>[[Look at desk]] | [[Talk to Pongo|talk to Pongo]]</center>

<center> <h1>Ardipithecus ramidus</h1> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/SPEC_ramidus.png]] </center> The //Ardipithecus ramidus// is a species that lived around 4.4 million years ago. The first fossils were found in the ''Middle Awash research area'' of Ethiopia, including //Ardi//, the partial skeletal remains of a female. In fact, over 100 different specimens have been found in the Ethiopian region (Smithsonian 2020). Its cranial capacity was relatively small at only about 300 to 350 cubic centimeters (Suwa 2009). It was most likely an omnivore judging by its dental fossils. Some distinguishing features were its foot bones; it had a divergent toe and a rigid foot. It also had a pelvis that led researchers to believe that this species was perhaps both bipedal and able to move through trees. Researchers also found //Ardi// among some other fossils that suggested she lived in a wooded area, contrary to the popular belief that bipedalism originated in a Savannah (Smithsonian 2020). As for tools they are believed to have used twigs to forage and stones to crush tough food like nuts to eat (Dorey 2018). <center> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/MAP_middleawash.png]] </center> <hr> ''Date Range:'' 4.4 MYA (Early Pliocene) ''Geographic Location of Fossils:'' Middle Awash (Ethiopia) ''Cranial Capacity:'' 300-350 cm^3 ''Diet:'' Omnivore ''Important Fossils:'' //Ardi// ''Distinguishing Features:'' Divergent toe with rigid foot, bipedal pelvis ''Habitat:'' Wooded environment ''Tools and/or Artifacts:'' May have used simple twigs and stones (unmodified) ''Evidence of Cultural/Behavioral Practices:'' Used tools to process harder foods (i.e. nuts) ''Additional Comments:'' In Ethiopia alone over 100 specimens have been found (Smithsonian 2020).

<center><h1>Pongo's Desk</h1></center> There's a stack of weathered papers and skulls on the desk. Each is labeled thusly: #[[Ardipithecus ramidus]] #[[Australopithecus anamensis]] #[[Australopithecus afarensis]] #[[Australopithecus africanus]] #[[Australopithecus garhi]] #[[Paranthropus boisei]] #[[Homo habilis]] #[[Homo ergaster / erectus]] #[[Homo heidelbergensis]] #[[Homo neanderthalensis]] #[[Homo sapiens]]

<center><h1>Pongo's Tree</h1></center> Pongo brightens and leads you to a table with a large piece of parchment on it. A diagram of a tree is drawn, but none of the spaces are filled. <center>[img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/PHY_incomplete.png]]</center> "I've narrowed down where each ancestor might belong, but need you to answer these 11 questions to put everything in place." 1.Which ancestor is nicknamed //Ardi//? <<listbox "$quest1" autoselect>> <<option "Ardipithecus ramidus">> <<option "Australopithecus anamensis">> <<option "Australopithecus afarensis">> <</listbox>> 2.Which ancestor is named after its fossils being found near lakes? <<listbox "$quest2" autoselect>> <<option "Australopithecus anamensis">> <<option "Ardipithecus ramidus">> <<option "Australopithecus afarensis">> <</listbox>> 3.Which ancestor is known as //Lucy's species//? <<listbox "$quest3" autoselect>> <<option "Australopithecus afarensis">> <<option "Australopithecus anamensis">> <<option "Ardipithecus ramidus">> <</listbox>> 4.Which ancestor is known for the //Taung child//? <<listbox "$quest4" autoselect>> <<option "Australopithecus africanus">> <<option "Ardipithecus ramidus">> <<option "Australopithecus anamensis">> <</listbox>> 5.Which ancestor is know for having the earliest stone tools? <<listbox "$quest5" autoselect>> <<option "Australopithecus garhi">> <<option "Australopithecus africanus">> <<option "Australopithecus afarensis">> <</listbox>> 6.Which ancestor is known as the //Nutcracker Man//? <<listbox "$quest6" autoselect>> <<option "Paranthropus boisei">> <<option "Australopithecus garhi">> <<option "Australopithecus africanus">> <</listbox>> 7.Which ancestor is known as the //Handy Man//? <<listbox "$quest7" autoselect>> <<option "Homo habilis">> <<option "Paranthropus boisei">> <<option "Australopithecus garhi">> <</listbox>> 8.Which ancestor is the first to go beyond Africa? <<listbox "$quest8" autoselect>> <<option "Homo ergaster / erectus">> <<option "Australopithecus garhi">> <<option "Paranthropus boisei">> <</listbox>> 9.Which ancestor is the first to create shelters? <<listbox "$quest9" autoselect>> <<option "Homo heidelbergensis">> <<option "Paranthropus boisei">> <<option "Australopithecus garhi">> <</listbox>> 10.Which ancestor is the closest extinct human relative? <<listbox "$quest10" autoselect>> <<option "Homo neanderthalensis">> <<option "Homo heidelbergensis">> <<option "Paranthropus boisei">> <</listbox>> 11.Which ancestor has no true type specimen? <<listbox "$quest11" autoselect>> <<option "Homo sapiens">> <<option "Homo neanderthalensis">> <<option "Homo heidelbergensis">> <</listbox>> [[Submit Answers]]

<center> <h1>Australopithecus anamensis</h1> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/SPEC_anamensis.png]] </center> The //Australopithecus anamensis// is a species that lived roughly between 4.2 to 3.8 million years ago. The first fossils of the //Au. anamensis// was found in the //Kanapoi research site// in Kenya; KNP-KP 271 was the first arm bone, discovered by Bryan Patterson's team in 1965, although it was not confirmed as the //Au. Anamensis// at the time (Smithsonian 2020). It had a small cranium capacity at only about 365 to 375 cubic centimeters (Haile-Selassie 2019). Its diet was made up of tough plant-based foods, as shown by their narrow yet robust jaws, as well as the fact its habitat was in wooded regions around lakes. A notable feature of this species is its tibia bone; the top end of it had a large area of bone, and, along with its human-like ankle joints, leads researchers to believe it was able to walk bipedally. However, it also had features that showed it may be suited to climb trees (Smithsonian 2020). As for tools they are believed to have used twigs to forage and stones to crush tough food like nuts to eat (Dorey 2018). <center> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/MAP_kanapoi.png]] </center> <hr> ''Date Range:'' 4.2-3.8 MYA (Pliocene) ''Geographic Location of Fossils:'' Kanapoi research site in Kenya ''Cranial Capacity:'' 365-370 cm^3 ''Diet:'' Herbivore ''Important Fossils:'' //KNM-KP 271// ''Distinguishing Features:'' Expanded upper end of tibia, ankle joint similar to humans ''Habitat:'' Wooded area around lakes ''Tools and/or Artifacts:'' May have used simple twigs and stones (unmodified) ''Evidence of Cultural/Behavioral Practices:'' Used tools to process harder foods (i.e. nuts) ''Additional Comments:'' The prefix "anam" means "Lake" in the Turkana language, referencing how these specimens are typically found around lakes. (Smithsonian 2020).

<center> <h1>Australopithecus afarensis</h1> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/SPEC_afarensis.png]] </center> The //Australopithecus afarensis//, also known as "Lucy's species", is a primate that lived between 3.85 to 2.95 million years ago. Its most famous fossil is "Lucy", the nearly complete skeletal remains of an adult //Au. afarensis//; she was found in the Hadar site located in Ethiopia (Smithsonian 2020). The cranial capacity is about 375 to 550 cubic centimeters (Flinn 2016). Some distinguishing features were its strong upper arms and curved toe bones, which showed it would be suited to climb trees. However, its broad pelvis allowed it to support its weight when walking bipedally. (Smithsonian 2020). The //Au. afarensis// lived in many different habitats, including savannahs, woodlands, and lakeside forests. As for tool use, researches believe this species used sticks and stones as tools. The stones, it seems, were used to tear flesh from bone as evidence by nearby fossils with cut-marks. However, it is not believed these stones were modified as no real "tools" were ever found. Culturally, we can gather that the //Au. afarensis// lived in "families", judging by the remains of the //First Family// fossils unearthed in Hadar (Dorey 2020). <center> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/MAP_hadar.png]] </center> <hr> ''Date Range:'' 3.85-2.95 MYA (Pliocene) ''Geographic Location of Fossils:'' The Hadar site in Ethiopia ''Cranial Capacity:'' 375-550 cm^3 ''Diet:'' Omnivore ''Important Fossils:'' //Lucy// ''Distinguishing Features:'' Strong upper arms, broad pelvis, curved toe bones ''Habitat:'' Savannah, woodlands, lakeside forests ''Tools and/or Artifacts:'' twigs and stones ''Evidence of Cultural/Behavioral Practices:'' Fossils with cut marks, family units ''Additional Comments:'' The species lived for over 900,00 years (Smithsonian 2020).

<center> <h1>Australopithecus africanus</h1> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/SPEC_africanus.png]] </center> The //Australopithecus africanus// was a species that existed between 3.3 and 2.1 million years ago. It is notably the species of the //Taung Child// fossil, the skull of an adolescent //Au. africanus// (Smithsonian 2020).Its cranial capacity was about 375 to 550 cubic centimeters, allowing for a larger brain than previous primates (Flinn 2016). Its diet consisted of both plant and animal matter, though no true tools have been found; its theorized that the //Au. africanus// may have used tusks or horns from animals as weapons to hunt in the grasslands or woodlands, although it's more likely they had scavenged from the hunts of other predators like lions. Typically, it would use sticks and stones (Dorey 2018). Some distinguishing features are its human-like sloping forehead and a prominent jaw (Smithsonian 2020). <center> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/MAP_taung.png]] </center> <hr> ''Date Range:'' 3.3-2.1 MYA (Middle Pliocene to Early Pleistocene) ''Geographic Location of Fossils:'' Taung site in the Republic of South Africa ''Cranial Capacity:'' 375-550 cm^3 ''Diet:'' Omnivore ''Important Fossils:'' The Taung child ''Distinguishing Features:'' Sloping forehead, prominent jaw ''Habitat:'' Woodlands and savannah grasslands ''Tools and/or Artifacts:'' sticks and unmodified stones ''Evidence of Cultural/Behavioral Practices:'' Used tools ''Additional Comments:'' The //Au. africanus// was not immediately accepted as a member of human phylogeny; it took over 20 years after the Taung child was found to be accepted

<center> <h1>Australopithecus garhi</h1> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/SPEC_garhi.png]] </center> The //Australopithecus garhi// was a primate that was alive roughly 2.5 million years ago. It does not have many fossils; however, one of the most prominent is the BOU-VP-12/1, found in Bouri, Middle Awash, Ethiopia. It is a partial cranium that gave the species its name. Another fossil, a femur, shows that its bipedal walk would have lengthed in its strides (Smithsonian 2020). Its cranial capacity is 450 cm^3. As it was living during a time of climate change, the woodlands turned to the savannah grasslands, where it would eat vegetation. Notably, they are credited as one of the first stone tool users, as antelopes near the site were found to have cut marks and the tools were found nearby (Dorey 2019). <center> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/MAP_middleawash.png]] </center> <hr> ''Date Range:'' 2.5 MYA (Early Pleistocene) ''Geographic Location of Fossils:'' Bouri, Middle Awash site in Ethiopia ''Cranial Capacity:'' 450 cm^3 ''Diet:'' Omnivore ''Important Fossils:'' BOU-VP-12/1 ''Distinguishing Features:'' long femur ''Habitat:'' Savannah grasslands ''Tools and/or Artifacts:'' Stone tools ''Evidence of Cultural/Behavioral Practices:'' Cut marks in bones proving meat diet ''Additional Comments:'' credited as one of the first stone tool users

<center> <h1>Paranthropus boisei</h1> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/SPEC_boisei.png]] </center> The //Paranthropus boisei// was a primate living between 2.3 to 1.2 million years ago. Its fossil remains, found in the Olduvai Gorge, are quite unique. Most notable is the //Zinji// skull with a large cranial capacity of 530 cm^3 (eFossils 2020), large flaring cheekbones, and a prominent sagittal crest. This allowed for a powerful set of jaws. As such, this grasslands native could eat tough vegetation like roots during times when food was sparse. Interestingly, the //P. boisei// lived alongside //H. erectus//, marking the first example of species coexistence (Smithsonian 2020). <center> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/MAP_oldupaigorge.png]] </center> <hr> ''Date Range:'' 2.3-1.2 MYA (Pleistocene) ''Geographic Location of Fossils:'' Olduvai Gorge in northern Tanzania ''Cranial Capacity:'' 530 cm^3 ''Diet:'' Herbivore ''Important Fossils:'' //Zinji// skull ''Distinguishing Features:'' Flaring cheekbones, sagittal crest ''Habitat:'' Grasslands ''Tools and/or Artifacts:'' Unknown ''Evidence of Cultural/Behavioral Practices:'' first example of species coexistence with //Homo erectus// ''Additional Comments:'' nicknamed Nutcracker Man because of its large teeth and robust jaw muscles

<center> <h1>Homo habilis</h1> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/SPEC_habilis.png]] </center> The //Homo habilis// existed from 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago. One of its oldest fossil remains, nicknamed "Twiggy", was found in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. Its cranial capacity was roughly 600 cubic centimeters. It was quite prognathic, meaning its face jutted forward below the nose. Compared to earlier primates, it has a larger brain and smaller face. The //H. habilis// lived in the grasslands and ate a diet of mostly plants, as well as animal matter. It has been noted as using stone tools; in fact, for a long time it was thought to have been the first incident of early hominids using tools, and was thus called the "Handy Man". These tools are thought to have been used to eat meat and even drink bone marrow (Smithsonian 2020). <center> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/MAP_oldupaigorge.png]] </center> <hr> ''Date Range:'' 2.4-1.4 MYA (Early Pleistocene) ''Geographic Location of Fossils:'' Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania ''Cranial Capacity:'' 600 cm^3 ''Diet:'' Omnivore ''Important Fossils:'' //Twiggy// ''Distinguishing Features:'' prognathic, large brain case ''Habitat:'' Grasslands ''Tools and/or Artifacts:'' Stone tools ''Evidence of Cultural/Behavioral Practices:'' ate meat evidenced by tools found near bodies ''Additional Comments:'' Nicknamed the "Handy man"

<center> <h1>Homo ergaster / erectus</h1> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/SPEC_erectus.png]] </center> The //Homo erectus// was alive between 1.89 million years ago and 110,000 years ago. As the species had expanded beyond Africa, fossils have been found in both Africa and Asia. One of the most complete fossils is known as the //Turkana Boy//, found in the Nariokotome site. From his remains we learned that //H. erectus// had long legs capable of walking and perhaps even running longer distances than ever before (Smithsonian 2020). //H. erectus// was the most advanced in technology to this point of hominid history, with advanced tool use techniques such as stone cores, flakes, and the invention of handaxes. Handaxes made hunting easier, giving //H. erectus// more protein and less time dedicated to getting food. It is also reported that they were able to use (but not necessarily control) fire, as evidenced by burned bones (Dorey 2020). <center> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/MAP_nariokotome.png]] </center> <hr> ''Date Range:'' 1.89 MYA-110,000 YA (Pleistocene) ''Geographic Location of Fossils:'' Nariokotome, West Turkana, Kenya ''Cranial Capacity:'' 880 cm^3 ''Diet:'' Omnivore ''Important Fossils:'' Turkana Boy, Java, Peking Man ''Distinguishing Features:'' long legs ''Habitat:'' Varied; glacial in Asia, hot in Africa ''Tools and/or Artifacts:'' handaxe, stone core, flakes ''Evidence of Cultural/Behavioral Practices:'' Burned bones ''Additional Comments:'' first species to go beyond Africa

<center> <h1>Homo heidelbergensis</h1> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/SPEC_heidelburgensis.png]] </center> The //Homo heidelbergensis// lived between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago. Although the type fossil for //H. heidelbergensis// was found in Heidelberg, Germany, one of the most important fossils of the species, nicknamed "the Rhodesian Man", was found in Kabwe. From this fossil, we can observe a much larger braincase (1300 cubic centimeters) and the flattest face to this point. (Smithsonian 2020). There are marked differences between the Asian and African populations of //H. heidelbergensis//; both developed wooden spears, fire altered tools, and hearths, but the Asian population needed these tools the most as they lived in a much colder climate. With the technological advances, we also notice that they are hunting the biggest animals than any other hominid to this point (Dory 2019). <center> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/MAP_kabwe.png]] </center> <hr> ''Date Range:'' 700,000-200,000 YA (Middle Pleistocene) ''Geographic Location of Fossils:'' Kabwe, Zambia ''Cranial Capacity:'' 1300 cm^3 ''Diet:'' Omnivore ''Important Fossils:'' Rhodesian Man ''Distinguishing Features:'' larger braincase and flatter face ''Habitat:'' Colder environment in Asia, hot in Africa ''Tools and/or Artifacts:'' wooden spears ''Evidence of Cultural/Behavioral Practices:'' fire altered tools, hearths ''Additional Comments:'' First species to build shelters

<center> <h1>Homo neanderthalensis</h1> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/SPEC_neanderthal.png]] </center> The //Homo neanderthalensis//, also known as the neanderthal, was a species existing between 400,000 and 40,000 years ago. One of the most famous neanderthal fossils is //the old man of La Chapelle//. From this skull we can see a large nose, which was used to warm the cold air of their environment. Skeletal remains also showed they were built stocky and short, which helped them withstand the fcold temperatures (Smithsonian 2020). As for tool use, we begin to see many sophisticated tools, called the Mousterian, which included blades. They also use animal hides as clothing and create ornamental objects. A unique behavior not seen before was death rituals. Neanderthals are thought to have buried their dead and even mark graves (Dory 2020). <center> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/MAP_chapelle.png]] </center> <hr> ''Date Range:'' 400,000-40,000 YA (Pleistocene) ''Geographic Location of Fossils:'' La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France ''Cranial Capacity:'' 1500 cm^3 ''Diet:'' Omnivore ''Important Fossils:'' The Old Man of La Chapelle ''Distinguishing Features:'' Large nose, stocky build ''Habitat:'' Cold environment ''Tools and/or Artifacts:'' Sophisticated tools, clothing ''Evidence of Cultural/Behavioral Practices:'' Ornamental objects, death rituals ''Additional Comments:'' closest extinct human relative

<center> <h1>Homo sapiens</h1> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/SPEC_sapiens.png]] </center> The //Homo sapien// is the most modern hominim, still living today from as far back as 300,000 years ago. Compared to earlier species, //H. sapiens// have a less pronounced brow and smaller teeth, with a cranial capacity of 1300 centimeters cubed as we can see in fossils like the Cro-Magnon man and modern humans today. Some of the earliest tools in this species were fishing tools like nets. Food also came in the form of domesticated animals and farming vegetation. Today, the //h. sapien// lives all over the world. <center> [img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/MAP_cromag.png]] </center> <hr> ''Date Range:'' 300,00 YA-Present ''Geographic Location of Fossils:'' Cro-Magnon, France ''Cranial Capacity:'' 1300 cm^3 ''Diet:'' Omnivore ''Important Fossils:'' Cro-Magnon Man ''Distinguishing Features:'' lighter brow, smaller teeth ''Habitat:'' Varied ''Tools and/or Artifacts:'' fishing tools ''Evidence of Cultural/Behavioral Practices:'' Producing food ''Additional Comments:'' no true type specimen

<center> <h1>PRIMATE NAME</h1> [img[#]] </center> <center> [img[#]] </center> <hr> ''Date Range:'' ''Geographic Location of Fossils:'' ''Cranial Capacity:'' ''Diet:'' ''Important Fossils:'' ''Distinguishing Features:'' ''Habitat:'' ''Tools and/or Artifacts:'' ''Evidence of Cultural/Behavioral Practices:'' ''Additional Comments:''

<h1>References Cited</h1> *Dorey, Author(s) Fran. “Ardipithecus Ramidus.” //The Australian Museum//, 2018, australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/ardipithecus-ramidus/. *Dorey, Author(s) Fran. “Australopithecus Afarensis.” //The Australian Museum//, 2020, australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/australopithecus-afarensis/. *Dorey, Author(s) Fran. “Australopithecus Africanus.” //The Australian Museum//, 2018, australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/australopithecus-africanus/. *Dorey, Author(s) Fran. “Australopithecus Anamensis.” //The Australian Museum//, The Australian Museum, 2019, australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/australopithecus-anamensis/. *Dorey, Author(s) Fran. “Australopithecus Garhi.” //The Australian Museum//, 2019, australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/australopithecus-garhi/. *Dorey, Author(s) Fran. “Homo Erectus.” //The Australian Museum//, 2020, australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/homo-erectus/. *Dorey, Author(s) Fran. “Homo Heidelbergensis.” //The Australian Museum//, 2019, australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/homo-heidelbergensis/. *Dorey, Author(s) Fran. “Homo neanderthalensis.” //The Australian Museum//, 2020, australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/homo-neanderthalensis/. *Flinn, Mark. “Hominid Species.” //Aust.htm//, 2016, web.missouri.edu/~flinnm/courses/mah/factfiles/australopithecus.htm. *Haile-Selassie, Yohannes, et al. “A 3.8-Million-Year-Old Hominin Cranium from Woranso-Mille, Ethiopia.” //Penn State//, Nature Publishing Group, 12 Sept. 2019, pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-38-million-year-old-hominin-cranium-from-woranso-mille-ethiopia. *Suwa, Gen, et al. “The Ardipithecus Ramidus Skull and Its Implications for Hominid Origins.” //Science//, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2 Oct. 2009, science.sciencemag.org/content/326/5949/68. *The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Anthropology. “Australopithecus Garhi: EFossils Resources.” //Australopithecus Garhi | EFossils Resources//, 2020, www.efossils.org/species/australopithecus-garhi. *The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Anthropology. “Bone Viewer.” //Bone Viewer | EFossils Resources//, 2020, efossils.org/page/boneviewer/Paranthropus boisei/OH 5. *“Ardipithecus Ramidus.” //The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program//, The Smithsonian Institution, 10 Jan. 2020, humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/ardipithecus-ramidus. *“Australopithecus Afarensis.” //The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program//, The Smithsonian Institution, 10 Jan. 2020, humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-afarensis. *“Australopithecus Africanus.” //The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program//, 10 Jan. 2020, humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-africanus. *“Australopithecus Anamensis.” //The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program//, The Smithsonian Institution, 10 Jan. 2020, humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-anamensis. *“Australopithecus Garhi.” //The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program//, 10 Jan. 2020, humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-garhi. *“Homo Erectus.” //The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program//, 10 Jan. 2020, humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-erectus. *“Homo Habilis.” //The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program//, 10 Jan. 2020, humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-habilis. *“Homo Heidelbergensis.” //The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program//, 10 Jan. 2020, humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-heidelbergensis. *“Homo neanderthalensis.” //The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program//, 10 Jan. 2020, humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-neanderthalensis. *“Homo sapiens.” //The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program//, 10 Jan. 2020, humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-sapiens. *“Paranthropus Boisei.” //The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program//, 10 Jan. 2020, humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/paranthropus-boisei.

<<if $quest1 is "Ardipithecus ramidus" && $quest2 is "Australopithecus anamensis" && $quest3 is "Australopithecus afarensis" && $quest4 is "Australopithecus africanus" && $quest5 is "Australopithecus garhi" && $quest6 is "Paranthropus boisei" && $quest7 is "Homo habilis" && $quest8 is "Homo ergaster / erectus" && $quest9 is "Homo heidelbergensis" && $quest10 is "Homo neanderthalensis" && $quest11 is "Homo sapiens">> <center>[img[https://gstrollo.neocities.org/assets/twine/phylofriends/PHY_complete.png]] </center> Pongo puts all the ancestors in your described order. After a moment he breaks out into a smile. "You did it! Thank you so much!" <center> <h1>CONGRATS!</h1> You helped Pongo complete the tree! He pays you handsomely in bananas. [[References Cited|Credits]] </center> <<else>> Pongo frowns. "Hmmm...this does not look correct. Please go back and look more closely at the tomes!" [[Back to the tomes|"Sure, I'll help!"]] <</if>>